Fact Our bodies have only two fuel delivery systems to provide us with energy. Our primary fuel is based on carbohydrates and is delivered as glucose. People who eat three so-called “balanced” meals every day get virtually all their energy from glucose. But the alternate, back-up fuel is stored fat, …

LOCATION AND PERICARDIAL MEMBRANES The heart is located in the thoracic cavity between the lungs. This area is called the mediastinum. The base of the cone-shaped heart is uppermost, behind the sternum, and the great vessels enter or leave here. The apex (tip) of the heart points downward and is …

CHARACTERISTICS OF BLOOD Blood has distinctive physical characteristics: Amount—a person has 4 to 6 liters of blood, depending on his or her size. Of the total blood volume in the human body, 38% to 48% is composed of various blood cells, also called formed elements. The remaining 52% to 62% …

CHEMISTRY OF HORMONES With respect to their chemical structure, hormones may be classified into three groups: amines, proteins, and steroids. Amines—these simple hormones are structural variations of the amino acid tyrosine. This group includes thyroxin from the thyroid gland and epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla. Proteins—these hormones are …

Illegality The main issue with regard to illegal contracts is the effect of illegality on a contract. The most often examined topic with regard to contracts that are declared void on grounds of public policy contracts in restraint of trade. Contracts illegal by statute The statute may declare a contract …

Un-liquidated damages (that is, damages assessed by the court) In Surrey CC v Bredero Homes (1993), the court refused to award damages against a defendant who had not complied with planning permission as there was no loss to the council. However, in Chaplin v Hicks (1911), damages were awarded for …

Electron flow and conventional flow If an electrical pressure (electromotive force or voltage) is applied to a conductor, a directional movement of electrons will take place (for example when connecting a battery to a wire). This is because the electrons are attracted to the positive side and repelled from the …

What is a system? The system is a word used to describe a collection of related components, which interact as a whole. A motorway system, the education system or computer systems, are three varied examples. Using the systems approach helps to split extremely complex technical entities into more manageable parts. …

Basic hand tools You cannot learn to use tools from a book, it is clearly a very practical skill. However, you can follow the recommendations made here and, of course, by the manufacturers. Even the range of basic hand tools is now quite daunting and very expensive. And of course, …

Getting to Know CSS3 CSS3 is the name for the next wave of changes and additions to the CSS “core.” The core is most of the features described in this book, which are available in Internet Explorer 6 and many of the minor browsers as well. CSS3 has been in …